Prediction of vegetation anomalies over an inland river basin in north‐western China          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Fu  Jun Niu  Bellie Sivakumar 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1814-1827

Vegetation cover plays an important role in linking the atmosphere, water, and land and is deemed as a key indicator in the terrestrial ecological system. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor vegetation dynamics and understand the mechanisms of vegetation change, including that driven by climate change. This study examines (a) the evolution of vegetation dynamics over the Heihe River Basin in the typical arid zone in north‐western China using nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Thiel Sen's slope; (b) the relationships between remotely sensed vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and enhanced vegetation index [EVI]) and hydroclimatic variables based on correlation analysis; and (c) the prediction of vegetation anomalies using a multiple linear regression model. For the analysis, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI/EVI product and the gridded daily meteorological data at a spatial resolution of 0.125° over the period 2001–2010 are considered. The results indicate that vegetation cover improved over a large proportion during 2001–2010, with a significant trend towards warm and wet, characterized by an increase in average annual temperature and precipitation by 0.042 °C/year and 5.8 mm/year, respectively. We test the feasibility of NDVI and EVI in quantifying the responses of vegetation anomaly to climate change and develop a statistical model to predict vegetation dynamics in the basin. The NDVI‐based model is found to be more reliable than the EVI‐based model, partly due to the vegetation characteristics and geomorphologic properties of the study region. The proposed model performs well when there is no lag time between meteorological factors and vegetation indices for grassland and cropland, whereas 1‐month lead time prediction is found to be best for forest. The soil water content is introduced as an extra explanatory variable, which effectively improves the prediction accuracy for different land use types. In general, the predictive ability of the proposed model is stable and satisfactory, and the model can provide useful early warning information for regional water resources management under changing climate.  相似文献   

黑潮流域海温适应性观测敏感区诊断方法研究     

崔宝龙  笪良龙  过武宏  韩梅 《海洋科学》2018,42(7):80-86

敏感区诊断是适应性观测的关键问题,集合变换卡尔曼方法(EnsembleTransformKalmanFilter,ETKF)是目前主要的诊断方法之一。将集合变换卡尔曼方法应用于海洋环境适应性观测,根据ROMS海洋模式数据构建海表温度集合预报,以黑潮流域宫古海峡附近海域为验证区进行敏感区诊断计算,分析不同间隔时间条件下敏感区分布情况,结合模拟系统观测试验验证在敏感区进行适应性观测对预报质量的提升效果。结果表明,在诊断所得敏感区内添加观测能够提升预报质量;随时间间隔增大,敏感区向上游区域平移且预报质量提升效果减小;与在验证区整体添加观测相比,敏感区观测对预报质量提升效果基本相同并且观测成本明显减少。  相似文献   

基于熵权TOPSIS模型的海岛地区资源环境承载力研究——以舟山普陀区、定海区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐文斌  郭灿文  王晶  程义远  徐鹏杰  张宏晔 《海洋通报》2018,(1):9-16

随着海洋强国、"一带一路"、生态文明建设等国家战略的不断推进,海岛在国家政治、军事、经济、社会、生态中的地位不断提高,海岛开发、利用的规模越来越大,其生态保护也面临着新的挑战。本文依据资源环境承载力内涵,兼顾海岛资源环境特点,研究形成海岛地区资源环境承载力评价指标体系,综合应用熵权法、TOPSIS(逼近理想解排序方法)模型评价了典型海岛地区——普陀区与定海区2009-2015年间的资源环境承载力状况,结果表明:普陀和定海资源环境承载力水平呈稳步提升趋势,各个时期的环境保护政策和节能减排相关措施在环境保护与污染治理等方面起到了较为积极的作用。最后,在基于生态系统的海岛综合管理框架内提出了对策建议。  相似文献   

“海上丝绸之路”超大城市环境变化遥感分析     

冯素云  张凯选  鹿琳琳 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(5):602-612

随着城市化进程的加快,如何及时、精确地对城市环境的变化做出评价,进而制定出合理的发展方案,对城市可持续发展至关重要。本文综合利用卫星遥感获取的PM_2.5浓度数据、地表温度数据（Land Surface Temperature,LST）、植被指数数据（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）及城市用地辅助信息数据,基于综合评价指标,分析海上丝绸之路沿线12个超大城市地区2000-2013年环境质量的动态变化。研究结果表明,2000-2013年,海上丝绸之路沿线约75%的超大城市呈现出不同程度的环境恶化现象。12个超大城市用地环境恶化及逐步恶化面积占研究区域总面积的31.33%（4732.39 km²）。2000-2013年,城市扩张用地恶化和逐步恶化面积约占总扩张用地的29.48%（3765.83 km²）。平均地表温度的上升、植被覆盖度的急剧下降及PM_2.5浓度的增加均对海上丝绸之路沿线超大城市环境质量变化产生影响。其中,空气中PM_2.5浓度的大幅度增加是2000-2013年海上丝绸之路沿线超大城市扩张用地环境退化的主要原因。  相似文献   

沿海城市经济-海洋生态环境-游艇旅游业耦合协调发展分析     

姚云浩  栾维新 《海洋通报》2018,(4):361-369

借鉴物理学中的耦合理论,分析沿海城市经济系统、海洋生态环境系统与游艇旅游业系统三者间的耦合协调作用机理;构建耦合评价模型与指标体系,并基于改进的熵值法,对沿海16个游艇旅游发展重点城市三者的耦合度及耦合协调度进行实证研究;运用皮尔逊相关系数法探讨各因素间相互关系。结果表明:沿海城市经济、海洋生态环境和游艇旅游业发展水平的综合评价值并不高,可进一步分为城市经济滞后型、生态环境滞后型和游艇旅游业滞后型三种制约类型;区域内三大系统耦合度较高,但耦合协调度较低且存在明显的区域差异;系统内部各因素间相互关联。鉴于此,提出游艇城市应因地制宜,协调开发与保护关系,深化产业融合等建议,以促进三大系统较高层次的耦合协调发展。  相似文献   

日照市露天开采矿山地质环境问题及恢复治理措施          下载免费PDF全文

汪继学  尹俊凯  陈鹏  张承斌 《山东国土资源》2018,34(12)

通过1∶5万矿山地质环境调查和遥感解译手段,对日照市矿山进行了全面的调查,查明各类矿山546处,主要集中在莒县和五莲县境内。除莒县刘官庄煤矿外,其余全部为露天开采矿山,主要选用直接开挖的方式,不仅破坏了地表环境,而且矿山生产活动产生的固体废弃物占用了大面积的土地。该文根据矿山地理位置及开采方式的不同,将相同类型的多个矿山划分为同一治理区,针对不同治理区的特点,采取科学有效的治理方法,建立健全矿山地质环境监督管理机制,切实解决矿山地质环境问题,改善生态环境。  相似文献   

海洋生态文明研究进展及其评价体系探究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

狄乾斌  何德成  乔莹莹 《海洋通报》2018,(6):615-624

海洋生态文明作为生态文明建设的一部分,是全面落实"五位一体"总体布局的重要着眼点。本文全面梳理比较了国内海洋生态文明建设的理论研究进展与实践探索,从概念内涵、应用领域、评价指标、示范区建设、实践经验五个方面梳理了现有研究,并采用重要性指数对现有研究中海洋生态文明评价指标的重要性程度进行排序,结合前期研究成果及当前形势,构建了海洋生态文明评价指标体系,并探讨了今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

海洋细菌SAR86研究进展     

王丹  吴冬梅  刘嘉佩  王健鑫 《海洋科学》2018,42(9):135-142

变形菌门是海洋环境中最主要的微生物类群,其中属于γ-变形菌门的海洋细菌SAR86成为近来研究的热点之一。本文从海洋细菌SAR86的系统发育多样性、生态分布、基因组学以及在海洋生物地球化学循环中的作用等四个方面对相关研究进行回顾与展望。  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter variations in coastal plain wetland watersheds: The integrated role of hydrological connectivity,land use,and seasonality          下载免费PDF全文

Jacob D. Hosen  Alec W. Armstrong  Margaret A. Palmer 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1664-1681

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is integral to fluvial biogeochemical functions, and wetlands are broadly recognized as substantial sources of aromatic DOM to fluvial networks. Yet how land use change alters biogeochemical connectivity of upland wetlands to streams remains unclear. We studied depressional geographically isolated wetlands on the Delmarva Peninsula (USA) that are seasonally connected to downstream perennial waters via temporary channels. Composition and quantity of DOM from 4 forested, 4 agricultural, and 4 restored wetlands were assessed. Twenty perennial streams with watersheds containing wetlands were also sampled for DOM during times when surface connections were present versus absent. Perennial watersheds had varying amounts of forested wetland (0.4–82%) and agricultural (1–89%) cover. DOM was analysed with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and bioassays. Forested wetlands exported more DOM that was more aromatic‐rich compared with agricultural and restored wetlands. DOM from the latter two could not be distinguished suggesting limited recovery of restored wetlands; DOM from both was more protein‐like than forested wetland DOM. Perennial streams with the highest wetland watershed cover had the highest DOC levels during all seasons; however, in fall and winter when temporary streams connect forested wetlands to perennial channels, perennial DOC concentrations peaked, and composition was linked to forested wetlands. In summer, when temporary stream connections were dry, perennial DOC concentrations were the lowest and protein‐like DOM levels the highest. Overall, DOC levels in perennial streams were linked to total wetland land cover, but the timing of peak fluxes of DOM was driven by wetland connectivity to perennial streams. Bioassays showed that DOM linked to wetlands was less available for microbial use than protein‐like DOM linked to agricultural land use. Together, this evidence indicates that geographically isolated wetlands have a significant impact on downstream water quality and ecosystem function mediated by temporary stream surface connections.  相似文献   

甘南高原乡村社会固有脆弱性及其影响因素   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李花  赵雪雁  王伟军  李巍 《地理科学》2020,40(5):804-813

开展社会固有脆弱性研究不仅有助于了解区域社会系统的可持续发展状态,更有助于寻求提高社会系统适应能力的恰当策略。通过构建乡村社会固有脆弱性分析框架和评价指标体系,并以甘南高原为研究区,在分析乡村社会固有脆弱性特征的基础上识别了其关键影响因子。结果表明：① 甘南高原乡村社会固有脆弱性呈“梭型”分异,其中,高、中、低脆弱性乡镇分别占18.95%、47.37%、33.68%。② 社会固有脆弱性存在明显的区域差异性,从农区-半农半牧区-牧区、高山峡谷区-山地丘陵区-山原区,社会固有脆弱性趋于增加;同时,随着少数民族聚居度降低、经济发展水平升高,社会固有脆弱性趋于降低。③ 社会固有脆弱性在空间上呈“北高南低”的不均衡分布,敏感性呈“中间高四周低”的集聚分布,适应能力呈相对均衡的“碎片化”分布。④ 气温、生育结构、民族结构、住房安全性、社会弱势群体比重、经济条件、信息可得性和参保比例是影响社会固有脆弱性的关键因子。最后,提出相应的对策建议。  相似文献